Adventures in Philosophy ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY - INDEX Select a Category... Ancient Philosophy Medieval Philosophy Modern Philosophy Recent Philosophy American Philosophy Islamic Philosophy Jewish Philosophy Political Philosophy Eastern Philosophy Introduction & Directory
Academy Resources Glossary of Philosophical Terms Timeline of Philosophy A Timeline of American Philosophy Diagram: Development of Philosophic Thought Diagram: Divisions of Philosophy The Philosophy Resource Center The Religion Resource Center Books about Islamic Philosophy in The Radical Academy Bookstore Books about Philosophy in The Radical Academy Bookstore Books about Religion in The Radical Academy Bookstore Click Here for New & Used College Textbooks at Discount Prices Click Here for College Education Information & Study Resources Shop Amazon Stores in the Radical Academy Bookstore Magazine Outlet Music Store Classical Music Store Video Store DVD Store Computer Store Camera & Photo Store Computer/Video Games Software Store Musical Instruments Outlet Store Cellular Phones Toys & Games Tools & Hardware Automotive Store Outdoor Living Consumer Electronics Home & Garden Kitchen & Housewares Baby Superstore Apparel & Accessories Gourmet Food Grocery Store Sporting Goods Jewelry & Watches Health & Personal Care Beauty Store		TABLE OF CONTENTS General Information Background Information About Mohammed, the founder of Islam Philosophers Al-Kindi (? - 873) Essay On the Subject of Intellect, by Al-Kindi Al-Farabi (c.870 - 950) Essay On Concepts, by Al-Farabi Avicenna (979 - 1037) Essay Mental Essence, by Avicenna Al-Ghazali (1059 - 1111) Essay The Nature of Man, by Al-Ghazali Ibn Tufail (c. 1105 - 1185) Essay The Improvement of Human Reason, by Ibn Tufail Avenpace [Ibn Badjdja] (c. 11th century - 1138) Essay On Human Perfection. by Avenpace (Ibn Badjdja) Averroes [Ibn Roshd] (1126 - 1198) Essay On Metaphysics, by Averroes (Ibn Roshd) Muhammad Iqbal (1873 - 1938) GROUNDWORK IN ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY An Examination of Issues in Epistemology, Metaphysics, and Philosophy of Religion in the Context of Modern Western Philosophy by Macksood A. Aftab Introduction Philosophy and Islam Analytical Arguments Cosmological Arguments Teleological Arguments Kant's Critique of Empirical Evidence Ontological Arguments Arguments Against the Existence of God The Problem of Evil The Free Will Defense Islamic Reaction to the Problem of Evil Arguments from Religious Experience Al-Ghazzali Iqbal's Critique of Ghazzali Muhammad Iqbal Conclusion Bibliography INTERNET RESOURCES Philosophers of the Arabs (English & Arabic - Egyptian Philosophical Society) The Islamic Interlink More About Arab and Jewish Philosophy A Brief Illustrated Guide To Understanding Islam Muslim Scientists, Mathematicians and Astronomers Islamic Contributions to Science Muslim Scientists and Thinkers Background Information Greek philosophy was the major formative influence on the later philosophical traditions of Judaism, Islam, and Christianity. In all three, the theories of the Greeks, particularly Plato and Aristotle, were employed to clarify and develop the basic beliefs of the religious traditions. In the Islamic tradition the starting point was the work of Plato and Aristotle. The 9th-century Neoplatonist al- Kindi was followed by al-Farabi, who drew on both Plato and Aristotle to create a universal Islamic philosophy. The most important of the medieval Muslim philosophers, however, was Avicenna (ibn Sina). Starting from the distinction between essence and existence, Avicenna developed a metaphysics in which God, the necessary being, is the source of created nature through emanation. Both his metaphysics and his intuitionist theory of knowledge were influential in the later Middle Ages as well as in the later history of Islamic thought. The philosophical tradition did not go unchallenged, however. The 11th-century theologian and mystic al-Ghazali mounted a critique of philosophy, specifically Avicenna's, that is rich in argument and insight. Al-Ghazali's Incoherence of the Philosophers provoked a response by Averroes ibn Rushd entitled the Incoherence of the Incoherence, in which al-Ghazali's arguments are countered point for point. Averroes was best known, however, as an interpreter of Aristotle and excited great influence on all subsequent thinkers in the Aristotelian tradition. In the later Middle Ages the historian and philosopher Ibn Khaldun produced a trenchant critique of culture, and the elaboration of metaphysics and epistemology was carried on in the theosophical schools of Islamic mysticism. Enrich Your Life With a Philosophy Book... Enrich Your Life With a Philosophy Magazine... Academy Showcase Specials Introduction & Directory
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